AUTHOR GUIDELINES AND MANUSCRIPT FORMATTING REQUIREMENTS

The title should be concise, informative, specific, and representative of the central subject of the research. Authors should avoid unnecessary abbreviations, excessive punctuation, and promotional expressions in the title.

The title should clearly communicate the research topic without being unnecessarily lengthy.

Author information should be provided immediately below the manuscript title.

For manuscripts with multiple authors, the corresponding author should be clearly identified. The corresponding author will be responsible for communication with the editorial office during the submission, review, revision, and publication processes.

Authors should carefully verify the spelling of names, institutional affiliations, and email addresses before submission.

(Font: Times New Roman, Size: 14 pt, Style: Bold, Alignment: Left)

Every manuscript should include a clear, concise, and informative abstract.

The recommended abstract length is 200–300 words.

The abstract should be understandable as a standalone description of the research. References, citations, tables, figures, and unexplained abbreviations should generally not be included in the abstract.

Authors should provide 4–8 keywords immediately after the abstract.

The keywords should represent the major concepts, variables, methods, subject areas, or themes addressed in the manuscript.

The journal follows a consistent three-level heading structure. Authors should maintain the same hierarchy throughout the manuscript.

Authors should use headings consistently and should avoid creating unnecessary levels of subheadings.

The main body should be written in Times New Roman, 11 pt, with 1.15 line spacing, 0 pt spacing before and after paragraphs, and justified alignment.

*Authors may modify the section structure according to established conventions in their respective disciplines. For example, a medical manuscript may use Materials and Methods, while an engineering manuscript may use System Design and Implementation, and a humanities manuscript may use Critical Analysis. However, the overall formatting should remain consistent with the journal's requirements.

Tables should be used only when they improve the clarity and presentation of research findings.

Table captions should be placed above the table.

All tables must be referred to in the manuscript. Authors should avoid presenting the same information repeatedly in both tables and the main text.

Figures may include graphs, charts, photographs, conceptual frameworks, diagrams, maps, flowcharts, models, or other visual materials relevant to the research.

Figures should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript.

Figure captions should be placed below the figure.

All figures must be cited in the manuscript. Figures should be clear, readable, and of sufficient resolution for publication.

Mathematical equations should preferably be created using the Microsoft Word Equation Editor or an equivalent professional equation-editing system.

Equations should be clearly presented and numbered consecutively where numbering is necessary.

Authors must ensure that all sources cited in the manuscript are included in the reference list and that all references listed are cited within the manuscript.

Authors should provide DOIs wherever available and should verify the accuracy of author names, publication years, article titles, journal names, volume, issue, page numbers, and DOI information before submission.

All manuscripts may be subjected to similarity or plagiarism screening before or during the peer-review process.

The journal does not accept plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated data, falsified results, manipulated images, citation manipulation, or other forms of research misconduct.

The editorial decision regarding originality will consider the nature, context, and significance of textual overlap, rather than relying solely on a particular similarity percentage.

Research involving human participants, animals, clinical subjects, personal information, or other ethically sensitive material must comply with applicable ethical standards and institutional requirements.

The journal may request documentary evidence of ethical approval where necessary.

Authors may use artificial intelligence and generative AI tools for appropriate purposes such as language improvement, grammar correction, formatting assistance, coding support, translation assistance, or other legitimate research-support activities. However, authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, integrity, interpretation, references, data, and conclusions presented in the manuscript.

Authors should not submit fabricated references, data, quotations, results, or other information generated by AI systems without appropriate verification.

Where AI tools have made a substantive contribution to the preparation or development of the manuscript, the use of such tools should be appropriately disclosed according to the journal's AI disclosure requirements.

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, personal, or institutional relationships that could potentially influence the research or its interpretation.

Where no conflict exists, authors may state:

All sources of financial support for the research should be disclosed.

Where the research has received no external funding, authors may state:

For manuscripts involving multiple authors, the respective contributions of authors should be clearly identified where applicable.

Authors should provide a data availability statement where applicable.

For example:

Where data cannot be publicly shared because of privacy, ethical, legal, institutional, or confidentiality restrictions, the authors should clearly state the applicable limitation.